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- PASTE(1) UNIX 4.0 PASTE(1)
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-
-
- NAME
- paste - merge same lines of several files or subsequent
- lines of one file
-
- SYNOPSIS
- paste file1 file2 ...
- paste -dlist file1 file2 ...
- paste -s [-d]list file1 file2 ...
-
- DESCRIPTION
- In the first two forms, paste concatenates corresponding
- lines of the given input files file1, file2, etc. It treats
- each file as a column or columns of a table and pastes them
- together horizontally (parallel merging). If you will, it
- is the counterpart of cat(1) which concatenates vertically,
- i.e., one file after the other. In the last form above,
- paste replaces the function of an older command with the
- same name by combining subsequent lines of the input file
- (serial merging). In all cases, lines are glued together
- with the tab character, or with characters from an
- optionally specified list. Output is to the standard
- output, so it can be used as the start of a pipe, or as a
- filter, if - is used in place of a file name.
-
- The meanings of the options are:
-
- -d
- Without this option, the new-line characters of each but
- the last file (or last line in case of the -s option) are
- replaced by a tab character. This option allows replacing
- the tab character by one or more alternate characters (see
- below).
-
- list
- One or more characters immediately following -d replace the
- default tab as the line concatenation character. The list
- is used circularly, i.e., when exhausted, it is reused. In
- parallel merging (i.e., no -s option) the lines from the
- last file are always terminated with a new-line character,
- not from the list. The list may contain the special escape
- sequences: \n (new-line), \t (tab), \\ (backslash), and \0
- (empty string, not a null character.) Quoting may be
- necessary, if characters have special meaning to the shell
- (e.g., to get one backslash, use -_d"\\\\"). SPECIAL NOTE:
- This version of paste has had the list of special
- characters expanded from the Unix(Tm) standard to include
- the following additional characters: \b (backspace), \f
- (form-feed), \r (carriage return), \v (vertical tab).
-
- -s
- Merge subsequent lines rather than one from each input
- file. Use tab for concatenation, unless a list is
-
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- Page 1 (printed 8/19/84)
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- PASTE(1) UNIX 4.0 PASTE(1)
-
-
-
- specified with -d option. Regardless of the list, the very
- last character of the file is forced to be a new-line.
-
- -
- May be used in place of any file name, to read a line from
- the standard input. (There is no prompting).
-
- EXAMPLES
- ls | paste -d
- list directory in one column
-
- ls | paste - - - -
- list directory in four columns
-
- SEE ALSO
- grep(1),paste(1).
-
- DIAGNOSTICS
- no delimiters
- Missing list for -d option
-
- <filename> : cannot open
- paste was given a bad filename
-
- too many files
- Except for -s option, no more than 12 input files may be
- specified.
-
- CAVEATS
- This program is a complete rewrite of the Bell Laboratories
- command of the same name; no part of the original source or
- manual is included. Therefore, you may feel free to use it,
- and its source, without violation of any contract
- agreements. However, I retain the copyright in order to
- specify it remain available for use by all and sundry,
- without cost. Feel free to modify as necessary, although I
- went to great pains to recreate the behavior of the original
- command; I would suggest this congruence be maintained.
-
- Along the same lines, although I've made a reasonable effort
- to test the more arcane behavior of the original paste and
- reproduce it, there are no guarantees; and there are four
- known differences between the original program and
- documentation, and this version. All are downward
- compatible. First, paste as distributed with Unix has a bug
- in the way it handles multiple files for the -s option.
- This has been fixed, and the bug reported to the providers
- of the Unix command. Secondly, the list of valid escape
- characters for the list has been expanded. Third, the 511
- character/line restriction has been removed. Finally,
- extant undocumented diagnostics have been added to the man
- page, and the one pertaining to the (now obsolete) line too
-
-
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- Page 2 (printed 8/19/84)
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- PASTE(1) UNIX 4.0 PASTE(1)
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-
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- long removed.
-
- I remain in no way liable for any loss, either explicit or
- incidental, that may be incurred through use of this
- command. I do ask that any bugs (and, hopefully, fixes) be
- reported back to me as encountered. - David M. Ihnat,
- ihuxx!ignatz
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- Page 3 (printed 8/19/84)
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